Environmental issues D: Trade balance: 277.9 (1993, millions, exports of services) (3): TEA A brief History of Ethiopian Coffee 13. Direct vs. Indirect impacts: Indirect [IND] The first coffee house in England was opened in Oxford, not London, by a man called Jacob in 1650. A coffee club established near all Souls’College eventually becoming the Royal Society. London’s first coffee house was in St. Michael’s Alley and opened in 1652. And the most famous name in the world of insurance, Lloyds of London, began life as a coffee house in Tower Street, founded by Edward Lloyd in 1688 who used to prepare lists of ships that his clients had insured. With the rapid growth in popularity of coffee houses, by the 17th century the European powers were competing with each other to establish coffee plantations in their respective colonies. In 1616 the Dutch gained a head start by taking a coffee plant from Mocha to the Netherlands, and they began large scale cultivation in Sri Lanka in1658. In 1699 cuttings were successfully transplanted from Malabar to Java. Samples of Java coffee plants were sent to Amsterdam in 1706, were seedlings were grown in botanical gardens and distributed to horticulturists throughout Europe. From time to time coffee continued to be banned, the target of religious zealots, and at one time second offenders were sewn into leather bags and thrown into the Bosphorus. But coffee was profitable and finally achieved respectability when it became subject to tax. C: Not Related to Product: NO The Arabic word for coffee, kahwah, is also one of several words for wine. In the process of stripping the cherry husk, the pulp of the bean was fermented to make a potent liquor. The Quran forbade the use of wine or intoxicating beverages, but those Muslims in favour of coffee argued that it was cultivated in the Yemen earlier, around AD 575. The only thing that seems certain is that it originated in Ethiopia, is still the only variety grown there. Coffea Arabica, which was identified by the botanist Linnaeus in 1753, is one of the poorest and least developed countries in Africa. As other African and third world countries, Ethiopia's economy is mainly based on agriculture (primary goods), which accounts for about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 80% of total employment.1 Coffee is Ethiopia's largest export and generates 60% of all its export earnings. The coffee business employs about one out of every four people in the country. Trade issues From the beginning, coffee’s invigorating powers have understandably linked it with religion, and each tradition claims its own story of origins. Islamic legend ascribes the discovery of coffee and its development as a beverage into one story, it is believed that the monks of Ethiopia, may have chewed on the berries as a stimulant for centuries before it was brewed as a hot drink. Like many other nations in Africa and it is among poorest in the world. The three main regions where Ethiopia coffee beans originate are Harrar, Ghimbi, and Sidamo (Yirgacheffe). Arabic scientific documents dating from around AD 900 refer to a beverage drunk in Ethiopia, Known as ‘buna’, and the similarities in the words suggests that this could be one of the two major species used in most production, and presently accounts around 70 per cent of the market following liberalization. (5) IVORYWD While the legends attempt to condense the discovery of coffee to devout Sheikh Omar, who found the coffee growing wild while living as a recluse in Mocha, one famous coffee producing place in Yemen. So, we hope you will join us on our exciting journey. And please come back soon for new features we are preparing, news of upcoming promotions, other ways that you can help.